Thursday, January 31, 2013

Vimeo introduces content ratings for videos, keeps its platform in check

Vimeo introduces content ratings for videos, keeps its platform in check

Vimeo's certainly made its presence felt inside multiple media-delivery mezzanines, but the video service isn't forgetting all about the basics: its own platform. As such, Vimeo today announced some more changes to its website, which will see the introduction of a content rating system for published videos. The most recent alterations, as seen in the picture above, add an assessed rating badge to a user's video, making it a requirement to brand any uploads as "All Audiences," "Mature," or "Not Yet Rated." According to Vimeo, these content ratings are "the first step along a path that will make Vimeo more accessible to more audiences," adding that sometimes it's a a good idea to let folks know "if a face is going to explode or if someone is going to take their jean shorts off."

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Source: Vimeo

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Wednesday, January 30, 2013

Policy Communications Traineeship | Mladiinfo

Home ? Jobs & Internships

29 January 2013 // 4 Comments

Deadline: 5 February, 2013
Open to: candidates with degree in journalism, political sciences, European affairs or equivalent, with excellent command of English and knowledge of EU affairs
Remuneration: up to 800 euro

Inclusion Europe?-?an association of people with intellectual disabilities and their families?seeks a Policy Communications Trainee for the office based in Brussels.?The successful candidate is expected to start as soon as possible and the experience shall last for six months.

About the Inclusion Europe

Inclusion Europe?has an outstanding record of representing people with intellectual disabilities and their families organised in member societies in almost all European countries. The association works in close contact with the European Parliament, the European Commission, the Council of Europe, European disability organisations, national governments, service providers and researchers. Inclusion Europe works with a small multinational team whose working language is English.

Tasks

  • To produce and edit features for Inclusion Europe?s information tools (online Journal, website, newsletter, specific publications).
  • ?Supervise the production and dissemination of ?Europe for us? and e-Include newsletter
  • ?Participation in the preparation of various publications and events of Inclusion Europe
  • ?Participation in external meetings with different European institutions and organisations, and drafting related reports and articles.
  • ?Participation in drafting responses to European consultations

Eligibility

The successful candidate will meet the following criteria:

  • ??? Degree in journalism, political sciences, European affairs or equivalent
  • ? ? Knowledge of EU affairs and demonstrated interest in human rights advocacy
  • ? ? Excellent command of English, both spoken and written. Additional languages are an asset.
  • ? ??Ability to communicate clearly and concisely in writing and orally, excellent drafting skills.
  • ? ??Ability to assimilate and process information on a wide variety of issues and for a wide variety of audiences.
  • ? ? Appropriate computer skills (Microsoft Office package). Familiarity with Content Management Systems (CMS) and/or other relevant software and programs including interactive web 2.0 tools, audio and video is an asset.
  • ? ? Motivated learner with a good eye for detail

Remuneration

The contract will be governed by the Belgian law on ?professional immersion? and will provide the successful candidate with a net income of up to 800 ? per month.

Application

Interested candidates are asked to apply by submitting a detailed CV and a cover letter to?information@inclusion-europe.org?by?5 February 2013.?The interviews will be held in the week of 11 th February.

The Official Website

Please note that Mladiinfo does not give scholarships or any financial support, but only informs about different opportunities. Click on the direct link to the official page above to apply for the program.

Source: http://www.mladiinfo.com/2013/01/29/policy-communications-traineeship/

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IMF sees higher Mauritius GDP growth in 2013

PORT LOUIS (Reuters) - Mauritius' economy will grow 3.7 percent in 2013 compared to 3.3 percent last year, helped by improved activity in fisheries, financial services and information and communication technology, the International Monetary Fund said on Wednesday.

The IMF had previously forecast the Indian Ocean island's economy would expand 3.7 percent in 2012.

"Growth will be fuelled by strong growth in fisheries, information and communication technology and financial services," Martin Petri, IMF mission chief told a news conference.

The IMF's forecast matches the government's own projection.

The Indian Ocean island is striving to depend less on Europe, its main source of revenue from tourism and a major market for its textiles, sugar and services industry, and has been branching into information technology, business outsourcing and offshore banking.

Tourism still accounts for about 10 percent of the island's $10 billion economy, however, with European tourists typically making up some two-thirds of visitors.

The fund said it expected annual average inflation to rise to 5.7 percent this year from 4 percent in 2012.

"Inflationary pressures could emerge in 2013 from wage increases in private sector linked to the decision to increase public sector wages and also from adjustments in administered prices," Petri said.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/imf-says-mauritius-gdp-grow-3-7-pct-070146177--business.html

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Nooly: Get the Most Accurate Forecast Possible

There are few things more annoying than bringing an umbrella with you when you don't need it. Never make that mistake again—Nooly will give you accurate, super-local forecasts for your exact neighborhood. More »


Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/pqEQ2hUN2PY/nooly-get-the-most-accurate-forecast-possible

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Tuesday, January 29, 2013

Epigenetic control of cardiogenesis

Jan. 29, 2013 ? Many different tissues and organs form from pluripotent stem cells during embryonic development. To date it had been known that these processes are controlled by transcription factors for specific tissues. Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin, in collaboration with colleagues at MIT and the Broad Institute in Boston, have now been able to demonstrate that RNA molecules, which do not act as templates for protein synthesis, participate in these processes as well.

The scientists knocked down a gene for long non-coding RNA molecules (lncRNA) and thereby disrupted the development of the heart to an extent that was lethal to the embryos. Genesis of the ventral body wall was also impaired. It became apparent that the lncRNA participates in controlling transcription factors that themselves are responsible for controlling tissue- and organogenesis. The lncRNA itself thus acts as a modulating factor in these processes.

RNA molecules more than 300 nucleotides long and not exhibiting any protein-coding read frames are denoted as long non-coding RNA. They are known to interact with histone-modifying protein complexes that control the activation state of genes (activatable, active, or repressed), as well as influencing the level of their activity. This occurs, for example, through the transfer of methyl groups to histones, the DNA-packaging proteins. Modifications to the histones such as these can be copied during cell division and thus promulgate the activation state of genes from cell to cell across several stages of differentiation.

Max Planck scientists led by Bernhard Herrmann have proven for the first time that lncRNAs may also be indispensable for embryonic development. This was previously known primarily for transcription factors. They discovered an lncRNA, termed Fendrr, which is specifically formed in the progenitor cells of the heart and ventral body wall. After knocking down Fendrr in a mouse, the heart and ventral body wall were malformed, which was lethal to the embryos. The malformations first arose, however, several days after Fendrr had already been knocked down in the progenitor cells. In the case of transcription factors, the malformations appear, in contrast, after their inactivation for cells in which the gene is normally active.

This delay between the expression of the Fendrr-RNA and the appearance of the malformation can be explained by the specific effect of this new class of regulators. They influence the epigenetic control of target genes, including important transcription factors, namely by binding to histone-modifying protein complexes. Thus, they influence the fate of the descendants of cells in which they themselves were only briefly active.

The scientists now hope to locate further lncRNAs that control cardiogenesis and additional processes of embryonic development in mammals, and shed light on the mechanism of how they operate. Fendrr is probably only one of many lncRNAs that participate in epigenetic control of regulators for tissue- and organogenesis.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Phillip Grote, Lars Wittler, David Hendrix, Frederic Koch, Sandra W?hrisch, Arica Beisaw, Karol Macura, Gaby Bl?ss, Manolis Kellis, Martin Werber, Bernhard?G. Herrmann. The Tissue-Specific lncRNA Fendrr Is an Essential Regulator of Heart and Body Wall Development in the Mouse. Developmental Cell, 2013; 24 (2): 206 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.12.012

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/J27270QwnAo/130129100247.htm

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Sand Hill Road?s True Belieber

bieber-1Scott Hartley, a venture capitalist at Mohr Davidow, decided to completely overhaul his investment strategy today after returning from a trip to New York. Hartley, who is originally from Palo Alto, spent a few days in New York for meetings and an interview on Bloomberg TV. When he unlocked his Sand Hill Road office today, he found that his colleague Abhas Gupta had cheerfully Bieberized his new desk on the other side of Mohr Davidow?s office. While at first he was shocked, with a little reflection, it sunk in that the mobile-social wave is over, and that while enterprise is cool, the next wave of disruption is Bieber. “I have a belief that ‘Tech is a Horizontal Enablement Layer‘ that disrupts traditional verticals,” he said. “First, we saw this with the Internet in the 90s, then with mobile as a dominant form factor, and social as a proxy toward authenticity. We believe that the next wave will include Bieber, and we are well positioned in this space.” His colleagues and the firm’s LPs, while stunned by this sudden pivot, were understanding and said they felt confident in Hartley’s abilities to identify the very best early-stage teams in this new Bieberification wave. “The question is how will Bieber disrupt traditional verticals,” he said. “We’re investors in RockHealth, pioneers in the digital health category, and we’re actively seeking opportunities in the vertical disruption Bieber is applying on Sand Hill Road.” He’s now working on partnering with Y-Bieber-cubator to source deal flow on companies that have evidence of Bieber-gagement and Bieber-tention. He added: If I was your VC, I?d never let you go I can scale you places you ain?t never been before Baby take a chance or you?ll never ever know I got money in my hands that I?d really like to blow Swag swag swag, on you

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/i3sG5Q0Hx2s/

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SwiftKey Flow gets a new beta with more predictions, easier corrections

SwiftKey Flow

Swiftkey today unleashed a new version of its beta-only SwiftKey Flow keyboard. Corrections are easier, predictions are more prevalent -- and it's basically just more awesome. 

Hit up the VIP forums to get your download on. We've got the full changelog after the break.

Download: Swiftkey Flow

read more



Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/y7wzdJMZaJ8/story01.htm

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Antigua's Legal ?Pirate Site? Authorized by the World Trade ...

Antigua?s Legal ?Pirate Site? Authorized by the World Trade Organization

During a meeting in Geneva today the World Trade organization (WTO) authorized Antigua?s request to suspend U.S. copyrights. The decision confirmed the preliminary authorization the Caribbean island received in 2007, and means that the local authorities can move forward with their plan to start a download portal which offers movies, music and software without compensating the American companies that make them.

warez-agLast week we broke the news that the island nation Antigua and Barbuda wants to start a Government run ?pirate? site.

Today, this plan came a step closer to reality when the Caribbean country received authorization from the WTO to suspend U.S. copyrights during a meeting in Geneva.

This decision affirms the preliminary approval that was granted to Antigua in 2007 after the country won a gambling related trade dispute against the United States.

At the moment it?s still unclear what Antigua?s exact plans are but TorrentFreak is informed that the media portal will offer movies, TV-shows, music as well as software to customers worldwide.

Antigua?s Finance Minister Harold Lovell said in a comment that the U.S. left his Government no other option than to respond in this manner. Antigua?s gambling industry was devastated by the unfair practices of the U.S. and years of negotiations have offered no compromise.

?These aggressive efforts to shut down the remote gaming industry in Antigua has resulted in the loss of thousands of good paying jobs and seizure by the Americans of billions of dollars belonging to gaming operators and their customers in financial institutions across the world,? Lowell says.

?If the same type of actions, by another nation, caused the people and the economy of the United States to be so significantly impacted, Antigua would without hesitation support their pursuit of justice,? the Finance minister adds.

The Government has not given a time-frame for the release of the site, which has been in the works for a few months already. Ideally, Antigua hopes to settle the dispute before opening up their free media portal but there are no signs that the U.S. is going to comply with the WTO rulings.

Thus far, the U.S. has only warned Antigua that ?Government-authorized piracy? would harm the ongoing settlement discussions.

?Government-authorized piracy would undermine chances for a settlement that would provide real benefits to Antigua. It also would serve as a major impediment to foreign investment in the Antiguan economy, particularly in high-tech industries,? U.S. officials said earlier.

However, these comments haven?t changed Antigua?s course. Emanuel McChesney, Chairman of the Antigua and Barbuda Investment Authority, is not impressed by this apparent scare tactic.

?We assume this is just rhetoric for public consumption, and we look forward to the United States putting aside these tactics and focusing their future efforts on thoughtful negotiation rather than on hyperbole and intimidation,? McChesney.

The Antiguan government further reiterated today that the term ?piracy? doesn?t apply in this situation, as they are fully authorized to suspend U.S. copyrights. It is a legal remedy that was approved by all WTO members, including the United States.

If Antigua does indeed pull through, it will be rather interesting to see how the U.S. responds. It might add a whole new dimension to the ongoing ?war on piracy.?

Source: http://torrentfreak.com/antiguas-legal-pirate-site-authorized-by-the-world-trade-organization-130128/

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Surviving band member leads police to bodies

State and federal police drive along a dirt road leading to a ranch near the town of Mina, in northern Mexico, Monday, Jan. 28, 2013. At least eight bodies were found in a well near this ranch on Sunday near the site where 20 people went missing late last week, including members of a Colombian-style band, according to a state forensic official. Officials could not confirm whether the bodies belonged to 16 members of the band Kombo Kolombia and their crew, who were reported missing late last week after playing a private show in a bar in the neighboring town of Hidalgo, north of Monterrey. (AP Photo/Emilio Vazaquez)

State and federal police drive along a dirt road leading to a ranch near the town of Mina, in northern Mexico, Monday, Jan. 28, 2013. At least eight bodies were found in a well near this ranch on Sunday near the site where 20 people went missing late last week, including members of a Colombian-style band, according to a state forensic official. Officials could not confirm whether the bodies belonged to 16 members of the band Kombo Kolombia and their crew, who were reported missing late last week after playing a private show in a bar in the neighboring town of Hidalgo, north of Monterrey. (AP Photo/Emilio Vazaquez)

An army soldier stands guard on a dirt road leading to a ranch near the town of Mina, in northern Mexico, Monday, Jan. 28, 2013. At least eight bodies were found in a well near this ranch on Sunday near the site where 20 people went missing late last week, including members of a Colombian-style band, according to a state forensic official. Officials could not confirm whether the bodies belonged to 16 members of the band Kombo Kolombia and their crew, who were reported missing late last week after playing a private show in a bar in the neighboring town of Hidalgo north of Monterrey. (AP Photo/Emilio Vazaquez)

Nuevo Leon state police stand guard on a dirt road leading to a ranch near the town of Mina, northern Mexico, Monday, Jan. 28, 2013. At least eight bodies were found in a well near this ranch on Sunday near the site where 20 people went missing late last week, including members of a Colombian-style band, according to a state forensic official. Officials could not confirm whether the bodies belonged to 16 members of the band Kombo Kolombia and their crew, who were reported missing late last week after playing a private show in a bar in the neighboring town of Hidalgo north of Monterrey. (AP Photo/Emilio Vazaquez)

A Nuevo Leon state police officer stands guard on a dirt road leading to a ranch as a forensic a vehicle leaves near the town of Mina, in northern Mexico, Monday, Jan. 28, 2013. At least eight bodies were found in a well near this ranch on Sunday near the site where 20 people went missing late last week, including members of a Colombian-style band, according to a state forensic official. Officials could not confirm whether the bodies belonged to 16 members of the band Kombo Kolombia and their crew, who were reported missing late last week after playing a private show in a bar in the neighboring town of Hidalgo north of Monterrey. (AP Photo/Emilio Vazquez)

Nuevo Leon state police stand guard on a dirt road leading to a ranch near the town of Mina, in northern Mexico, Monday, Jan. 28, 2013. At least eight bodies were found in a well near this ranch on Sunday near the site where 20 people went missing late last week, including members of a Colombian-style band, according to a state forensic official. Officials could not confirm whether the bodies belonged to 16 members of the band Kombo Kolombia and their crew, who were reported missing late last week after playing a private show in a bar in the neighboring town of Hidalgo north of Monterrey. (AP Photo/Emilio Vazquez)

MONTERREY, Mexico (AP) ? The Colombian-style music group was playing at a ranch in northern Mexico when at least 10 gunmen entered the warehouse where the private party was being held and forced them and several crew members into waiting vehicles, a survivor of the attack told authorities.

Nuevo Leon state security spokesman Jorge Domene said the survivor, a member of the Kombo Kolombia band, told police the 18 were blindfolded and driven on dirt roads until they stopped. He then heard the assailants ask fellow band members if they belonged to a drug cartel, shots were fired and the bodies were dumped into a well.

Domene said the survivor, who is being protected by soldiers, was able to reach a nearby ranch and get help. He wouldn't give details on how the man was able to escape.

The man later led authorities to the well where searchers found several bodies, Domene said.

Domene said four bodies first pulled from the well on Sunday have been identified by their relatives, including a Colombian citizen who played the keyboard. Three of them were wearing matching T-shirt with the name of the band.

"The search will continue ... to see how many more bodies may be hidden there," he said.

By Monday afternoon, searchers had pulled 12 bodies from the well along a dirt road in the town of Mina, about 140 miles (225 kilometers) from Laredo, Texas, Domene said.

The bodies recovered showed signs of torture, said a forensic official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to comment publicly on the case.

It was hard to determine how many more bodies were submersed in the water, he said.

Authorities initially said 16 members of the band Kombo Kolombia and four crew members were reported missing early Friday after playing at a private party attended by about 50 people and held at a ranch called La Carreta, or The Wagon, in the town of Hidalgo north of Monterrey.

But Domene said Monday 18 band members had gone missing. He didn't say how many were crew members and how many were musicians.

The party guests are being questioned and police have yet to determine a motive in the killings, Domene said.

Nuevo Leon state, on the border with Texas, has been the scene of a turf battle between members of the Gulf drug cartel and the Zetas drug gang. The Zetas were hit men for the Gulf cartel until they split in 2010, unleashing their bloody war.

People living near the ranch in Hidalgo reported hearing gunshots at about 4 a.m. Friday, followed by the sound of vehicles speeding away, said a separate source with the Nuevo Leon State Investigative Agency. He also spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to be quoted by the news media.

The officials added that gunfire is common in the area and said investigators found spent bullets nearby.

Relatives filed a missing persons report on Friday after losing cellular phone contact with the musicians. When they went to the ranch to investigate, they found the band members' vehicles still parked outside.

Kombo Kolombia has played a Colombian style of music known as vallenato, which is popular in working class neighborhood in the city of Monterrey and other parts of Nuevo Leon state. Most of the group's musicians were from the area, except for the keyboard player who is Colombian and had Mexican residency, Domene said.

The band regularly played at bars in downtown Monterrey on the weekend. At least two of the bars where they had played had been attacked by gunmen.

It was Mexico's largest single kidnapping since 20 tourists from the western state of Michoacan were abducted in Acapulco in 2010. Most of their bodies were found a month later in a mass grave. Authorities said the tourists were mistaken for cartel members.

Members of other musical groups have been murdered in Mexico in recent years, usually groups that perform "narcocorridos" that celebrate the exploits of drug traffickers. But Kombo Kolombia did not play that type of music, and its lyrics were about love and heartbreak and did not deal with violence or drug trafficking.

But singers of drug exploits are not the only musicians targeted, said Elijah Wald, author of the book, "Narcocorrido: A Journey into the Music of Drugs, Guns and Guerrillas."

"There is really not correlation. Drug guys hire people to play for their parties and they hire whatever is happening," he said. "Sergio Gomez, the single-most famous singer killed from K-Paz de la Sierra, his big hit was a version of 'Jambalaya.'"

Gomez was kidnapped and found strangled and tortured in 2007 in the western state of Michoacan, a day after Zayda Pena of the group Zayda and the Guilty Ones was shot in a hospital while recovering from a separate bullet wound in the border town of Matamoros, across from Brownsville, Texas.

Valentin Elizalde, "El Gallo de Oro," was shot to death along with his manager and driver in 2006 following a performance in Reynosa, across the border from McAllen, Texas. Norteno singer Sergio Vega was shot dead in a northern state of Sinaloa in 2010.

"A lot of people are being killed because they're in the wrong place at the wrong time and musicians are some of the people on that list," Wald said.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/4e67281c3f754d0696fbfdee0f3f1469/Article_2013-01-28-Mexico-Missing%20Band/id-c0ebcb7e06cd458abade57ddb6ca1c7a

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Monday, January 28, 2013

Hey, alien hunters: NASA's alien planet archive is open for business

"The entire world can help us" find exoplanets (alien planets), says a Kepler scientist. NASA is throwing open its list of possible exoplanets to anyone who wants to look.

By Miriam Kramer,?Space.com / January 22, 2013

This artist's conception depicts the Kepler-10 star system, located about 560 light-years away, near the Cygnus and Lyra constellations. Kepler has discovered two planets around this star. Kepler-10b, the dark spot against the yellow sun, is (so far!) the smallest known rocky exoplanet, or planet outside our solar system.

T. Pyle / JPL-Caltech / NASA-Ames

Enlarge

Scientists with NASA's planet-hunting Kepler spacecraft have revamped the mission's online archive of alien worlds, opening up the database for the entire world to see.

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Researchers are now posting all exoplanet sightings by the Kepler observatory into a single, comprehensive website called the "NASA Exoplanet Archive." Instead of going through the long planet confirmation process before making data publicly available, since December of last year, scientists have started shoveling out all the data Kepler collects into a comprehensive list.

"When we make that list, right away it goes to the archive," Kepler mission team member Steve Howell told SPACE.com during the 221st American Astronomical Society meeting in Long Beach, Calif., this month. "So the day we know about the list, the archive knows about the list. And then everybody, including us, can work on that list. But that list is dynamic so if we, or a community person, makes an observation and says, 'Hey, I looked at this planet candidate but it's really an eclipsing binary,' then that entry in the archive will be changed."

The archive has information about the size, orbital period and other metrics of any possible planet discovered and investigated by Kepler.

"It's all in real time," Howell said. "The sausage-making process is exposed."

Before the new archive was debuted, astronomers were already doing creative work with the data. One created a visually stunning video of every known Kepler planet candidate ? 2,299 unconfirmed exoplanets at the time ? orbiting one central point.

The Kepler team?s new "open" attitude toward data release is giving everybody, not just members of the scientific community, a chance to do some hands-on scientific research by building their own experiments, Howell said.

A group of high school students has already taken data from groups of planets observed by Kepler and mapped them against a map of known stars looking for a pattern. Howell doesn?t think they'll see much, but he's glad that they have the opportunity to get creative.

"The entire world can help us with this Kepler data," Howell said. "I don't see any downside."

?Planet Hunters, a collective of amateur astronomers, recently found 42 new alien planets using Kepler data that was publicly available prior to the launch of the new archive system.

It would be difficult for Kepler scientists to get their jobs done without the help of amateur astronomers around the globe, mission researchers said. By making the exoplanet archive more accessible, it could mean that more planets are found and confirmed in shorter amounts of time than ever before.

More people sifting through the wealth of data collected by Kepler means that scientists have a better chance of finding even more planets circling distant stars, Howell added.

Since its launch in 2009, NASA's Kepler spacecraft has flagged more than 2,300 objects as possible alien worlds. Although only about 100 have been confirmed, scientists expect that at least 80 percent could be certifiable exoplanets.

Currently, Kepler has entered a "safe mode" after researchers spotted an issue with one of the spacecraft's three reaction wheels that are responsible for orienting the telescope. The malfunction has stalled science observations, but researchers hope that the issue will be resolved by Sunday (Jan. 27).

To explore the new NASA Exoplanet Archive, visit: http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/

You can follow SPACE.com staff writer Miriam Kramer on Twitter @mirikramer.?Follow SPACE.com on Twitter?@Spacedotcom. We're also on Face

book?&?Google+.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/science/~3/nFBXo6v7NEM/Hey-alien-hunters-NASA-s-alien-planet-archive-is-open-for-business

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Thursday, January 24, 2013

Hailstones reveal life in a storm cloud

Jan. 23, 2013 ? It isn't life on Mars, but researchers have found a rich diversity of microbial life and chemicals in the ephemeral habitat of a storm cloud, according to a study published January 23 in the open access journal PLOS ONE by Tina ?antl Temkiv and colleagues from Aarhus University, Denmark.

The researchers analyzed hailstones recovered after a storm in May 2009 and found that they carried several species of bacteria typically found on plants and almost 3000 different compounds usually found in soil. However, the hailstones had very few soil-associated bacteria or chemicals that would usually occur in plants. Three of the bacterial species discovered were found in most of the hailstones studied, and may represent 'typical' cloud inhabitants, the study reports.

According to the authors, this selective enrichment of certain plant bacteria and soil chemicals in the hailstones reveals how specific processes during the lifetime of a cloud may impact certain bacteria more than others. They suggest that these processes could affect the long-distance transport and geographical distribution of microbes on Earth.

"When we started these analyses, we were hoping to arrive at a merely descriptive characterization of the bacterial community in an unexplored habitat. But what we found was indirect evidence for life processes in the atmosphere, such as bacterial selection and growth," says Ulrich Gosewinkel Karlson, leader of the aeromicrobiology research group at Aarhus University.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Public Library of Science.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Tina ?antl-Temkiv, Kai Finster, Thorsten Dittmar, Bjarne Munk Hansen, Runar Thyrhaug, Niels Woetmann Nielsen, Ulrich Gosewinkel Karlson. Hailstones: A Window into the Microbial and Chemical Inventory of a Storm Cloud. PLoS ONE, 2013; 8 (1): e53550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053550

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_environment/~3/SHBi9kVBYY0/130123195252.htm

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Wednesday, January 23, 2013

How to Prepare a Business Plan, 5th edition pdf | Free pdf ebooks ...


?
Edward Blackwell, ?How to Prepare a Business Plan, 5th edition?
2008 | ISBN: 0749449810 | PDF | 192 pages | 2.98 MB

?
A good business plan is the best means of impressing potential financial backers. Indeed, without such a plan no bank or venture capital house will consider a loan for start-up or expansion. How to Prepare a Business Plan describes the best way to prepare a business plan that will get the financial backing needed. Now updated with case studies and information on technology and the internet, it includes cash flow forecasts and sample business plans, as well as advice on expanding a business, planning the borrowing and monitoring business progress. Every new business needs a comprehensive and detailed plan if it is to survive. How to Prepare a Business Plan helps aspiring entrepreneurs take this step.

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Hearing loss may be linked to mental decline - Harvard Health ...

Loss of hearing represents more than just difficulty hearing sounds. It can lead to social isolation and depression. A new study suggests that hearing loss may also be linked to loss of memory and thinking skills.

In a study published online yesterday in JAMA Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins researchers found that declines in thinking skills happened faster during a six-year period among people with hearing loss than among those without it. Among the nearly 2,000 volunteers, all over age 70, those with hearing loss we also likely to develop ?cognitive impairment,? defined as a substantial reduction in the score on a key test called the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. The researchers estimated that it would take a hearing-impaired older adult just under eight years, on average, to develop cognitive impairment compared with 11 years for those with normal hearing.

This isn?t the first time that researchers have explored possible connections between hearing loss and brain function. Some saw what the Hopkins team saw, while others found no connection between hearing loss and thinking skills. The strengths of this study compared to earlier ones are:

??? It included older people who had normal tests for memory and thinking at the start.

??? All volunteers had standardized hearing tests performed by professionals.

??? The same methods for testing hearing and brain function were used throughout the study.

Keep in mind that this new study shows an association. It does not prove that hearing loss causes a decline in thinking skills. The work also raises a huge question: can treating hearing loss prevent or slow an age-related decline in brain function?

What?s the connection?

If hearing and thinking skills are truly connected, there are several plausible reasons that might be so.

Hearing loss can lead to greater social isolation, something to which older people are already prone, and social isolation is a definite risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. Like impaired vision, diminished hearing can lead to less brain stimulation, another risk factor for a decline in thinking skills. It?s also possible that by making the brain work overtime to process the signals it is getting from the ears, hearing loss pulls away energy from the ?thinking? parts of the brain.

Check your hearing

Up to two-thirds of adults older than 70 have some hearing loss. Doctors don?t routinely check for this problem, so it may be up to you to identify it. Since it often comes on slowly, you may be unaware you are having a problem.

Answering ?yes? to three or more of the questions below, from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, suggests that it?s a good idea to talk with your doctor. He or she may refer you for a formal hearing test.

  • Do you have a problem hearing over the telephone?
  • Do you have trouble following the conversation when two or more people are talking at the same time?
  • Do people complain that you turn the volume of the radio or television up too high?
  • Do you have to strain to understand conversation?
  • Do you have trouble hearing in a noisy background?
  • Do you find yourself asking people to repeat themselves?
  • Do many people you talk to seem to mumble or not speak clearly?
  • Do you misunderstand what others are saying and respond inappropriately?
  • Do you have trouble understanding the speech of women and children?
  • Do people get annoyed because you misunderstand what they say?

Source: http://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/hearing-loss-may-be-linked-to-mental-decline-201301225824

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Tuesday, January 22, 2013

Taliban attack Kabul police facility for hours

An Afghan security officer looks at smoke rising from a rocket fired by militants which landed near the Kabul traffic police headquarters during an attack in Kabul, Afghanistan, Monday, Jan. 21, 2013. Taliban insurgents wearing suicide vests attacked the Kabul traffic police headquarters before dawn Monday, police said, and eyewitnesses heard numerous explosions while a gun battle was still raging nearly four hours later. (AP Photo/Musadeq Sadeq)

An Afghan security officer looks at smoke rising from a rocket fired by militants which landed near the Kabul traffic police headquarters during an attack in Kabul, Afghanistan, Monday, Jan. 21, 2013. Taliban insurgents wearing suicide vests attacked the Kabul traffic police headquarters before dawn Monday, police said, and eyewitnesses heard numerous explosions while a gun battle was still raging nearly four hours later. (AP Photo/Musadeq Sadeq)

An Afghan security officer runs across the roof of the Kabul traffic police headquarters as it is attacked by insurgents in Kabul, Afghanistan, Monday, Jan. 21, 2013. Taliban insurgents wearing suicide vests attacked the Kabul traffic police headquarters before dawn Monday, police said, and eyewitnesses heard numerous explosions while a gun battle was still raging nearly four hours later. (AP Photo/Musadeq Sadeq)

Afghan security forces run on the roof of the Kabul traffic police headquarters as it is attacked by insurgents in Kabul, Afghanistan, Monday, Jan. 21, 2013. Taliban insurgents wearing suicide vests attacked the Kabul traffic police headquarters before dawn Monday, police said, and eyewitnesses heard numerous explosions while a gun battle was still raging nearly four hours later. (AP Photo/Musadeq Sadeq)

Afghan security forces, center, take position atop of the building of the Kabul traffic police headquarters during insurgents' attack, in Kabul, Afghanistan, Monday, Jan. 21, 2013. Taliban insurgents wearing suicide vests attacked the headquarters before dawn Monday, police said, and eyewitnesses heard numerous explosions while a gun battle was still raging nearly four hours later. (AP Photo/Musadeq Sadeq)

(AP) ? Taliban suicide bombers blew up a car and stormed Kabul traffic police headquarters before dawn Monday, setting off a gunbattle that raged for six hours and left at least 10 people wounded, police said.

It was the second brazen raid inside the Afghan capital in less than a week, a sign that the insurgency is determined to keep carrying out such spectacular attacks even as the U.S. and Afghan governments try to entice the Taliban into holding peace talks.

The raid started just before dawn when a suicide car bomber blew up his vehicle at the gate of the traffic police department building, close to the Afghan parliament and the Kabul zoo, said the city's police chief, Mohammad Ayub Salangi.

Then, another two or three attackers "armed with suicide vests and heavy and light weapons entered the compound," said a statement from Salangi's office.

According to the statement, six of the 10 wounded were civilians and four were members of the security services. There were no immediate reports of any fatalities among the security forces. At least two of the attackers were killed by police.

Shooting could still be heard outside the compound shortly before noon, but the announcement insisted the situation was under control and that the insurgents were surrounded.

Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid claimed responsibility for the attack and said the target of the insurgents was a police training facility "run by foreign military forces."

The traffic police headquarters is located on a square leading to the parliament and next to the zoo. It is also adjacent to the Afghan border police headquarters. The facility, usually teeming with civilians seeking to get drivers licenses and registrations for vehicles, was nearly empty at the time of the attack.

Interior Ministry spokesman Sediq Sediqi said the assault began with a suicide car bombing. Two insurgents, he said, were then shot and killed by Afghan forces while four police commandos were wounded.

Sediqi said Afghan forces were carrying out the operation without any assistance from NATO.

"This shows the ability of the Afghan forces, that they are leading the operation, "he said.

A unit of NATO special forces that trains and mentors Afghan police was at the scene but not taking part in the operation.

Merchant Gul Rahman, who owns a nearby shop, said he heard at least two explosions when the attack began, just before dawn. An Associated Press reporter at the scene said a number of big explosions were heard from inside and around the building, along with heavy gunfire.

Police officer Abdullah Hamidi said two of the explosions were caused by a man in a suicide vest and another by a car bomb.

It was the second insurgent attack inside Kabul in five days.

Last Wednesday, six Taliban suicide bombers attacked the gates of the Afghan intelligence agency in downtown Kabul, killing one guard and wounding dozens. Security forces killed all the attackers. The insurgents carried out the attack by driving a minivan loaded with explosives into a gate of the intelligence agency compound in the capital at noon. The other five attackers wearing suicide vests were in a second minivan that was also loaded with explosives. They were shot and killed and security forces later defused the bomb in their minivan.

The attacks came as the Afghan government has been pushing to get the Taliban to the negotiating table and as President Hamid Karzai and the U.S. negotiate for a quicker pullout of American forces. President Barack Obama said after meeting Karzai in Washington earlier this month that the U.S.-led military coalition would hand over the lead for security around the country to Afghan forces this spring ? months ahead of schedule.

Obama also said he agreed with Karzai that the Taliban should open a political office in the Gulf state of Qatar to facilitate peace talks.

Pakistan, the other regional powerbroker, also said earlier in the week that it plans to release more Afghan militant detainees in an attempt to boost the peace process ahead of the departure of international troops at the end of 2014. They made the announcement after meeting with Afghan and American officials in Abu Dhabi. Pakistan is thought to hold more than 100 Taliban prisoners and has so far released 26.

In general, Kabul has pressed hard for Pakistan to release its detainees, with some officials saying that they hope the released Taliban can serve as intermediaries. But Washington is concerned about specific prisoners who they consider dangerous and could return to the insurgency.

___

Associated Press writers Heidi Vogt and Patrick Quinn contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-01-21-AS-Afghanistan/id-403eeb590a054087a2cfb46a76d7cd7e

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Thursday, January 17, 2013

Dallas ISD communications chief Jennifer Sprague will get month's ...

Dallas ISD?s departing communications chief will receive a month?s pay ? about $15,400 ? in a severance deal when she resigns Thursday.

Jennifer Sprague joined DISD last year at a salary of $185,000, which was widely criticized as excessive. The salary was nearly double what Sprague made in Colorado Springs, Colo., where she worked alongside Miles for five years. She offered to resign in late December.

Sprague?s severance pales compared to deals received by others. Former chief of staff Alan King received three months of pay, or about $56,000, when he left in October. Former assistant superintendent Shirley Ison-Newsome, who also resigned in October, will be paid through August, collecting about $145,000.

Trustees had expressed concern about Sprague receiving a hefty severance. Because Sprague worked until after Jan. 15, she will also receive her $15,400 paycheck for the month.


Matthew Haag writes about the Dallas Independent School District. Follow?@matthewhaag?on Twitter,?@DallasISD_News?on Twitter and the?Education Blog?on Facebook.

This entry was posted in Administration by Matthew Haag. Bookmark the permalink.

Source: http://educationblog.dallasnews.com/2013/01/dallas-isd-communications-chief-jennifer-sprague-will-get-a-months-pay-in-resignation-agreement.html/

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Tuesday, January 15, 2013

West Point cadets to march in inaugural parade

The Long Gray Line will again be represented when the nation celebrates the inauguration of a president.

As it has done since Ulysses S. Grant was inaugurated on March 4, 1873, the U.S. Military Academy at West Point will send a contingent of uniformed cadets to march in the Inaugural Parade on Jan. 21 in Washington. They also marched four years ago at Barack Obama's first inauguration.

The 90-member team, chosen for their marching prowess and military bearing, will be led by Deputy Brigade Commander Cadet Ross Boston of Chipley, Fla. First Capt. Brandon Whittington of El Paso, Texas, will march with Army staff.

The cadets wear long gray overcoats and service caps for the parade. The uniform is a West Point tradition that dates to the early 1800s.

Source: http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/01/15/3183135/west-point-cadets-to-march-in.html

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'Girls' Golden Globe Wins Leave Stars In 'Complete Shock'

MTV News catches up with Lena Dunham and company at the HBO afterparty right after the show nabbed two awards.
By Kara Warner


"Girls" stars Lena Dunham, Zosia Mamet and Allison Williams at the 2013 Golden Globes
Photo: Getty Images

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1700119/lena-dunham-girls-golden-globes.jhtml

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Monday, January 14, 2013

Thousands march to protest Russia's adoption ban

MOSCOW (AP) ? Thousands marched through Moscow on Sunday to protest Russia's new law banning Americans from adopting Russian children, a far bigger number than expected in a sign that outrage over the ban has breathed some life into the dispirited anti-Kremlin opposition movement.

Shouting "shame on the scum," protesters carried posters of President Vladimir Putin and members of Russia's parliament who overwhelmingly voted for the law last month. Up to 20,000 took part in the demonstration on a frigid, gray afternoon.

The march was led by many of the same opposition figures who led the protest rallies that drew more than 100,000 people a year ago to demand free elections and an end to Putin's 12 years in power. Since Putin began a third presidential term in May, the protests have flagged as the opposition leaders have struggled to provide direction and capitalize on the broad discontent.

The adoption ban, which opponents argue victimizes children to make a political point, has stoked the anger of the same middle-class, urban professionals who swelled the protest ranks last winter. The same creative wit was once again on display on Sunday.

"Parliament deputies to orphanages, Putin to an old people's home," read one poster. Another showed Putin with the words "For a Russia without Herod."

Putin's critics have likened him to King Herod, who ruled at the time of Jesus Christ's birth and who the Bible says ordered the massacre of Jewish children to avoid being supplanted by the newborn king of the Jews.

Russia's adoption ban was retaliation for a new U.S. law targeting Russians accused of human rights abuses. It also addresses long-brewing resentment in Russia over the 60,000 Russian children who have been adopted by Americans in the past two decades, 19 of whom have died.

Cases of Russian children dying or suffering abuse at the hands of their American adoptive parents have been widely publicized in Russia, and the law banning adoptions was called the Dima Yakovlev Bill after a toddler who died in 2008 when he was left in a car for hours in broiling heat.

"Yes, there are cases when they are abused and killed, but they are rare," said Sergei Udaltsov, who heads a leftist opposition group. "Concrete measures should be taken (to punish those responsible), but our government decided to act differently and sacrifice children's fates for their political ambitions."

Those opposed to the adoption ban accuse Putin's government of stoking anti-American sentiments in Russian society in an effort to solidify support among its base, the working-class Russians who live in small cities and towns.

The adoption ban also revived anger over the December 2011 parliamentary election, which independent observers said was won by Putin's party through widespread fraud. A column of marchers on Sunday held a banner calling for the State Duma, the elected lower house, to be disbanded.

"The Duma that now adopts these kinds of laws is illegitimate. It was formed with the theft of 100 million votes," said opposition leader Vladimir Ryzhkov, a former Duma member who lost his seat when independent members were ousted in 2007. "It doesn't have the moral or political right to adopt laws for us. The disbanding of the Duma and the overturning of the law: That's why people, including me, came out today."

Just ahead of the weekend protest, Putin's spokesman sought to ease anger over the adoption ban by announcing that some of the dozens of adoptions already under way could go forward, allowing children who have already bonded with American adoptive parents to leave the country.

UNICEF estimates there are about 740,000 children not in parental custody in Russia, while about 18,000 Russians are on the waiting list to adopt a child. Since the law banning American adoptions was passed, Russian political and religious leaders have been encouraging Russians to adopt more children.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/thousands-march-protest-russias-adoption-ban-114808158.html

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So, like, this is nothing new. We briefly brought up Japan World Cup , a weird-a...

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Source: http://www.facebook.com/Destructoid/posts/10151327611439455

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Sunday KULR-8 Sports On-Demand 1/13

Story Published: Jan 13, 2013 at 11:00 PM MST

Story Updated: Jan 13, 2013 at 5:10 PM MST

Your source for local and surrounding area scores, highlights, and sports news. Be sure to watch KULR-8 News at 6:00 and 10:00 nightly Monday - Friday, and 5:00 and 10:00 Saturday and Sunday nights, for complete sports news coverage.

Have a sports score to report, or have an idea for a sports story?
Send an email to the KULR-8 Sports Department at sports@kulr.com, or give us a call at 406-656-8558.

Source: http://www.kulr8.com/sports/local/Sunday-KULR-8-Sports-On-Demand--186710591.html

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Friday, January 11, 2013

Exchange Rates Today: Pound to Euro Weakens as ECB Decide Against Interest Rate Cut; GBP AUD Gains on Chinese Inflation data

Home ? Currency News ? Exchange Rates Today: Pound To Euro Weakens As ECB Decide Against Interest Rate Cut; GBP AUD Gains On Chinese Inflation Data

Posted on 11 Jan at 9 AM 2013 Tags: Euro, US Dollar, Australian Dollar, British Pound, Currency News, Currency Rates, Interest Rates, Budget, New Zealand Dollar, New Zealand, GDP, UK, Bonds, South Africa, Rand, China, European Central Bank, US, Federal Reserve, Quantitative Easing,

The Pound struggled to make any headway against the Euro and slipped under 1.22 for the first time this year, after the European Central Bank decided against cutting interest rates this month. The UK currency did manage find support just above 1.60 versus the U.S Dollar and staged a rally through 1.6150 last night, as the Pound also made gains against the Australian Dollar. The Bank of England also held interest rates steady at a record low of 0.5% and decided against any further boost to the quantitative easing program from the current level of ?375 billion. Sterling did gain some buying support from the decision to expand bond purchases, especially with expectations that the Federal Reserve will continue buying bonds in the short-to-medium term.

The Australian Dollar weakened against the Pound last night after reaching a high of 1.5150, as technical indicators signaled that gains in the currency may have been too rapid. The Aussie Dollar slipped versus most of the 16 most actively traded currencies, after data showed inflation in China quickened more-than-expected and increased concerns that the RBA will face a battle to balance rising prices and growth.

The New Zealand Dollar also came under pressure from a three-week high, as Asian stocks retreated following an earlier advance. The other big mover yesterday was the South African Rand, which weakened severely through the course of the day, amid reports of strike action in the country. Fitch ratings agency also cut South Africa?s credit rating to the second lowest investment grade because of slowing economic outlook and a widening budget deficit.

Data released 11th January

U.K 09:30 Industrial Production (November)

- Manufacturing Output

U.S 13:30 Import Prices (December)

- Export Prices

U.S 13:30 International Trade Balance (November)

U.K 15:00 NIESR GDP Estimate (3 Mths to Dec)

U.S 19:00 Federal Budget Balance (December)

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Source: http://www.exchangerates.org.uk/news/5825/exchange-rates-today-pound-to-euro-weakens-ecb-no-interest-rate-cut-gbp-aud-inflation.html

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Tattooed artist runs for Czech president

Classical music composer and presidential candidate Vladimir Franz answers questions to media prior a rehearsal of his opera "War with the Newts" at the State Opera in Prague, Czech Republic, Tuesday, Jan. 8, 2013. Franz is one of nine candidates running for President in the first round of the Presidential election on Jan. 11-12th, 2013. (AP Photo/Petr David Josek)

Classical music composer and presidential candidate Vladimir Franz answers questions to media prior a rehearsal of his opera "War with the Newts" at the State Opera in Prague, Czech Republic, Tuesday, Jan. 8, 2013. Franz is one of nine candidates running for President in the first round of the Presidential election on Jan. 11-12th, 2013. (AP Photo/Petr David Josek)

Classical music composer and presidential candidate Vladimir Franz smiles prior a rehearsal of his opera "War with the Newts" at the State Opera in Prague, Czech Republic, Tuesday, Jan. 8, 2013. Franz is one of nine candidates running for President in the first round of the Presidential election on Jan. 11-12th, 2013. (AP Photo/Petr David Josek)

Classical music composer and presidential candidate Vladimir Franz answers questions to media prior a rehearsal of his opera "War with the Newts" at the State Opera in Prague, Czech Republic, Tuesday, Jan. 8, 2013. Franz is one of nine candidates running for President in the first round of the Presidential election on Jan. 11-12th, 2013. (AP Photo/Petr David Josek)

PRAGUE (AP) ? He's tattooed from head to toe, a warrior-like mix of blue, green and red.

He's also running in a surprising third place ahead of this week's Czech presidential elections.

Vladimir Franz, an opera composer and painter, seems the most unlikely of candidates for a prestigious post previously held by beloved playwright-dissident Vaclav Havel and Vaclav Klaus, a professor credited with plotting the economic transition from communism to a free market.

Some have a nickname for Franz: 'Avatar.' And during a televised debate a caller compared him to "an exotic creature from Papua New Guinea."

But he's not short of admirers in a country where voters are increasingly tired of politicians they say are corrupt and failing to deliver on years of promises, more than two decades after the fall of communism.

Franz has no political experience and confesses to little knowledge of economics. He says he only threw his hat in the ring after a group of admirers established the Franz for President initiative and begged him to shake up the race through his shock factor. But he's stirred up such goodwill that a leading economist offered his services for free and his campaign workers are also volunteers.

He's only spent $25,000 from donations on his campaign and hasn't put up any posters.

Franz burst onto the political scene with an eye-catching 88,000 signatures at the end of 2012 ? far more than the 50,000 required by law.

Not affiliated with any party, he has campaigned mostly on a platform highlighting graft, the importance of education and the nation's moral standing.

"The (political) system is so enchanted with itself that it's lost the ability to self-reflect," he said in an interview with The Associated Press Tuesday. Czechs, he says, "are fed up with this crap."

He's proven particularly popular with young voters ? and those not yet eligible to cast a ballot. In a mock presidential election at 441 high schools across the country a month before the vote, Franz won by a landslide, garnering more than 40 percent of some 60,000 votes.

He's tipped to win around 11 percent in the first round on Friday and Saturday ? not enough to make the runoffs. But he may end up kingmaker as the leading candidates ? former prime ministers Jan Fischer and Milos Zeman ? would be eager to pick up his following if the vote goes to a second round.

Karel Strachota, who organized the school ballot, said young people no longer identify with existing parties.

Franz is seen as "a candidate who is not tainted by politics," Strachota said. "They look with sympathy at his nonconformity and the way he presents himself."

And, perhaps surprisingly, few take issue with his tattoos.

"Personally, I wouldn't vote for him ? but (the tattoos) are not a problem at all," said Tomas Pistora, a 33-year-old IT specialist from Prague. "The young people prefer him because they don't have a better choice."

Many Czechs, especially in the capital, simply aren't shocked with Franz's look because the face of the 53-year-old professor at Prague's Academy of Performing Arts has been around for years.

"The tattoo doesn't make any difference," said Jakub Fisera, a student in Prague, adding a lack of experience in politics was more an issue.

Franz calls his tattoos body art. His face is a riot of green and red swirls against a background of blue. On his hands is a portrait of Czech composer Bohuslav Martinu, on his chest the crucified Christ.

"A tattoo is a sign of a free will and that does not harm the freedom of anyone else," he says.

For the first time, the Czech president will be elected in a popular vote ? a new system that makes it possible for independent candidates like Franz to run for the largely ceremonial post.

Vaclav Klaus, the incumbent, opposed the change. He called it "a fatal mistake" and said he feared the likes of Franz might succeed him.

A total of nine candidates are running. Unlike the Euro-skeptic Klaus who attacked the EU at every opportunity, the favorites, Zeman and Fischer, have a more moderate approach to the bloc which the country joined in 2004.

Zeman, the leftist premier in 1998-02, leads the polls with about 25 percent support. Fischer, a centrist and a former state bureaucrat, gained significant popularity when he led a caretaker government in 2009-10. He polls at about 20 percent.

As the campaign approached its end on Tuesday, eight candidates were busy on the stump. The ninth ? Franz ? had other matters to deal with: a final rehearsal of his opera "War with the Newts" at the State Opera.

Torn between art and politics, Franz cut short his appearance at an election debate to return to the opera house that is part of Prague's National Theater.

But he committed to staying to the end of Thursday's final televised debate. It wasn't an easy choice, but he realized his credibility demanded that he take part.

"For a Czech composer to have a world premiere in the National Theater is something extraordinary. I had to make a choice between a service to the public and the fulfillment of my life-long dream. I've made the choice and will be at the debate."

___

Associated Press video journalist Adam Pemble in Prague contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-01-09-Czech-Presidential%20Election-Tattooed%20Candidate/id-2052fa65f63f4129b7ed2ffd94cc52a0

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Cloudy mystery solved: A puzzling cloud near the galaxy's center may hold clues to how stars are born

Jan. 10, 2013 ? It's the mystery of the curiously dense cloud. And astronomers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) are on the case.

Near the crowded galactic center, where billowing clouds of gas and dust cloak a supermassive black hole three million times as massive as the sun -- a black hole whose gravity is strong enough to grip stars that are whipping around it at thousands of kilometers per second -- one particular cloud has baffled astronomers. Indeed, the cloud, dubbed G0.253+0.016, defies the rules of star formation.

In infrared images of the galactic center, the cloud -- which is 30 light-years long -- appears as a bean-shaped silhouette against a bright backdrop of dust and gas glowing in infrared light. The cloud's darkness means it is dense enough to block light.

According to conventional wisdom, clouds of gas that are this dense should clump up to create pockets of even denser material that collapse due to their own gravity and eventually form stars. One such gaseous region famed for its prodigious star formation is the Orion Nebula. And yet, although the galactic-center cloud is 25 times denser than Orion, only a few stars are being born there -- and even then, they are small. In fact, the Caltech astronomers say, its star-formation rate is 45 times lower than what astronomers might expect from such a dense cloud.

"It's a very dense cloud and it doesn't form any massive stars -- which is very weird," says Jens Kauffmann, a senior postdoctoral scholar at Caltech.

In a series of new observations, Kauffmann, along with Caltech postdoctoral scholar Thushara Pillai and Qizhou Zhang of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, have discovered why: not only does it lack the necessary clumps of denser gas, but the cloud itself is swirling so fast that it can't settle down to collapse into stars.

The results, which show that star formation may be more complex than previously thought and that the presence of dense gas does not automatically imply a region where such formation occurs, may help astronomers better understand the process.

The team presented their findings -- which have been recently accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters -- at the 221st meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Long Beach, California.

To determine whether the cloud contained clumps of denser gas, called dense cores, the team used the Submillimeter Array (SMA), a collection of eight radio telescopes on top of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. In one possible scenario, the cloud does contain these dense cores, which are roughly 10 times denser than the rest of the cloud, but strong magnetic fields or turbulence in the cloud disturbs them, thus preventing them from turning into full-fledged stars.

However, by observing the dust mixed into the cloud's gas and measuring N2H+ -- an ion that can only exist in regions of high density and is therefore a marker of very dense gas -- the astronomers found hardly any dense cores. "That was very surprising," Pillai says. "We expected to see a lot more dense gas."

Next, the astronomers wanted to see if the cloud is being held together by its own gravity -- or if it is swirling so fast that it is on the verge of flying apart. If it is churning too fast, it can't form stars. Using the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) -- a collection of 23 radio telescopes in eastern California run by a consortium of institutions, of which Caltech is a member -- the astronomers measured the velocities of the gas in the cloud and found that it is up to 10 times faster than is normally seen in similar clouds. This particular cloud, the astronomers found, was barely held together by its own gravity. In fact, it may soon fly apart.

The CARMA data revealed yet another surprise: the cloud is full of silicon monoxide (SiO), which is only present in clouds where streaming gas collides with and smashes apart dust grains, releasing the molecule. Typically, clouds only contain a smattering of the compound. It is usually observed when gas flowing out from young stars plows back into the cloud from which the stars were born. But the extensive amount of SiO in the galactic-center cloud suggests that it may consist of two colliding clouds, whose impact sends shockwaves throughout the galactic-center cloud. "To see such shocks on such large scales is very surprising," Pillai says.

G0.253+0.016 may eventually be able to make stars, but to do so, the researchers say, it will need to settle down so that it can build dense cores, a process that could take several hundred thousand years. But during that time, the cloud will have traveled a great distance around the galactic center, and it may crash into other clouds or be yanked apart by the gravitational pull of the galactic center. In such a disruptive environment, the cloud may never give birth to stars.

The findings also further muddle another mystery of the galactic center: the presence of young star clusters. The Arches Cluster, for example, contains about 150 bright, massive, young stars, which only live for a few million years. Because that is too short an amount of time for the stars to have formed elsewhere and migrated to the galactic center, they must have formed at their current location. Astronomers thought this occurred in dense clouds like G0.253+0.016. If not there, then where do the clusters come from?

The astronomers' next step is to study similarly dense clouds around the galactic center. The team has just completed a new survey with the SMA and is continuing another with CARMA. This year, they will also use the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in Chile's Atacama Desert -- the largest and most advanced millimeter telescope in the world -- to continue their research program, which the ALMA proposal committee has rated a top priority for 2013.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by California Institute of Technology. The original article was written by Marcus Woo.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Jens Kauffmann, Thushara Pillai and Qizhou Zhang. The galactic center cloud G0.253 0.016: a massive dense cloud with low star formation potential. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2013 (in press)

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/U4Yv30el2XE/130110142135.htm

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